when did things start to go wrong?

why was ESAP introduced if the economy was going great guns

Jazi elindizayo kunjani namhlanje ngane yenkuliso embi yenhlamba.uyangixaka wena mathukana, awunamahloni uma uvele usho into elihlazo amphakathini? ngishilo ngathi uligwala. uhlulwa yini ukusho ukuthi ungumhlobo muni? yini elihlazo lapho?

ngesinye isikhathi you come along as someone who has infiriority complex.very typical of the tshona ngoba bavele nje basibheke singashongo lutho bazizwe bephansi besebesizonda.

as for ama facts okhuluma ngawo yiwaphi caca. ufuna ngikunikeze amanamba amatshona asebenza kwaBulawayo, nenamba yamaNdebele ahleli angasebenzi ngoba kuqhashwa amatshona. uphi umqondo nje lapho? yini nje le oyibuzayo?uthi 70 100, and wena ufuna i axact number.yinyongo yodwa le. mangingathi kuwena abantu bayafa bebulawa yingculaza uzothi ufuna ngikunikeze inumber so that is what you call hard facts osebenza ngayo. shame.
to be honest to me you sound like a tshona. kodwa uhlale usazi ukuthi isizwe sakho samatshona kungenzeka siqalekisiwe ngezenzo zaso ezimbi ezinobusathane phakathi. yonke into eniyoyenza yoqalekiswa nayo. bheka nje namhlnje uhlaba wonke ubheke ihlazo elenziwa litshona. kukhona ukunyanyisa okundlulalokho.ungazama ukusidungimiqondo kodwa awungeke usiphazamise kulendlela yethu yokuyafinyelela kuMthwakazi.asinifuni kanti ni8na nisifunani?

... was there enough capacity for the detailed and extensive development of Mashonaland that you claim took place during those dark times.

You will recall that by 1990, partly as a result of universal free education Zimbabwe...

Jazi

Like I said while researching population statistics for our debate, I constantly came across documentary evidence which strangely suggests the probability of a higher standard of living in Matebeleland than in Mashonaland. I hereby draw your attention in particular to literaracy levels which show that Mashonaland Central has the lowest literacy level. Matebebeleland South has the highest efficiency rate (very few drop outs). Also look at the infant mortality rates., quite interesting indeed. Bulawayo and Harare are almost at par with literacy levels of 95% and 96% respectively. This dispels the myth held by many that people in Matebeleleland are less educated than their Shona counterparts, thereby raising the question of why then are we excluded from both jobs and higher education. By providing this research material , I want to demonstrate to you Jazi that when we engage in debates we are interested in the truth, nothing but the truth. We seek to interrogate issues until facts are separated from nonsense.
The following is a compendium of evidence I gathered. I provide it in good faith and this must not be exploited by those who seek to perpetually exclude us from the economic cake ( or crap?) by advocating for a reduction on meagre supplies we are receiving from this regime.

www.unesco.org
6.4.2 Adult Literacy Rates by Region
At provincial level Harare had the highest literacy rate of 96 percent followed by Bulawayo with 95%. This may be attributed to the fact that Harare and Bulawayo are almost 100% urban. Mashonaland central had the lowest literacy rate of 75%. In each region the proportion of literate males was higher than that of females.

www.unesco.org
6.2.6.5Coefficient of Efficiency by Region and Gender
In most regions there were disparities in the coefficient of efficiency and this was in favor of boys. This indicates that for girls there is a lot of wastage due to dropouts. There were several disparities among regions with Manicaland region recording the highest chances of wastage. Matebeleland South recorded the highest efficiency rate. Efficiency rates above 100% recorded in Matebeleland South may be due to unrecorded drop-ins into the school system.
Table 6-27 Adult Literacy Rates by Region and Gender. 1997
Male Female Total
Manicaland 90.16 81.01 85.13
Mash Central 82.21 68.48 74.98
Mash East 89.96 81.66 85.41
Mash West 87.41 76.30 81.70
Mat North 83.65 74.36 78.64
Mat South 86.22 78.49 81.77
Midlands 90.67 81.11 85.56
Masvingo 88.58 79.91 83.70
Harare 96.91 95.08 96.02
Bulawayo 96.06 94.66 95.36
Zimbabwe 90.3 82.11 85.97

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Population density and spatial differentials in child mortality in Zimbabwe.

Root G.

Department of Geography, University of Liverpool, U.K.

Large regional variations in under-five mortality exist within many sub-Saharan countries. Population density as a potential explanatory factor for these regional variations has seldom been considered despite it being implicated as a determinant of mortality at other spatial scales. In Zimbabwe, the "Ndebele provinces"-Matabeleland North and South-have significantly lower levels of under-five mortality than the other ("Shona") provinces. This regional differential is explored using the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey and census data. Factors other than population density that may contribute to the differential are examined. After controlling for the effects of potentially confounding socio-economic, demographic and environmental variables using Cox regression models children aged 1-4 yr living in the Ndebele provinces continued to have a level of mortality 45% lower than their counterparts in the Shona provinces. The possibility that regional variations in health care provision and/or cultural factors contribute to the mortality differential is also examined and rejected. Population densities in the Ndebele provinces are of a far lower order than in the Shona provinces. The main causes of child mortality in Zimbabwe in the time period under consideration were diarrhoea, ALRI, measles and malaria.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Re-examination of recent trends in under five mortality rates in Zimbabwe: evidence from the ZDHS, 1988.

Bah S.

Department of Sociology, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare.

Prior studies on infant and child mortality in Zimbabwe have questioned the low mortality found in Matabaleland South. It was suspected that it could be an artefact of data. Using the ZDHS data, this study has shown that the probability of dying before age five (q(5)) is indeed low in Matabeleland South. Also while all provinces experienced a temporary rise in mortality in the 1980's that of Matabeleland was experienced over the period 1980-82, a period marked by political turmoil. In the mid 1980's when things had normalised, mortality in Matabeleland South experienced a decline while other provinces experienced a temporary rise in q(5).
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Disease environments and subnational patterns of under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa.

Root GP.

PIP: This study examined the subregional spatial distribution of child mortality risk (CMR) in sub-Saharan Africa. Data for maps were obtained from Demographic and Health Surveys in the 1980s and 1990s for 95 provinces..
East/Southern Africa had the following patterns: low mortality in all of Zimbabwe, except Manicaland and Mashonaland Central provinces. In East/Southern Africa, mortality differences were due to differences in intensity of malaria transmission.